Ka'idar aiki na inverter:
Babban na'urar inverter ita ce inverter switch circuit, wacce ake kira da inverter circuit a takaice.Da'irar tana kammala aikin inverter ta hanyar kunnawa da kashe wutar lantarki.
Siffofin:
(1) Ana buƙatar babban inganci.
Saboda tsadar ƙwayoyin hasken rana a halin yanzu, don haɓaka yawan amfani da ƙwayoyin hasken rana da inganta ingantaccen tsarin, dole ne mu yi ƙoƙarin inganta haɓakar inverter.
(2) Ana buƙatar babban abin dogaro.
A halin yanzu, ana amfani da tsarin tashar wutar lantarki na photovoltaic a wurare masu nisa, kuma yawancin tashoshin wutar lantarki ba a kula da su ba kuma ana kiyaye su, wanda ke buƙatar inverter ya sami tsarin da'ira mai ma'ana, zaɓi mai tsauri, kuma yana buƙatar inverter ya sami ayyuka daban-daban na kariya, irin su. kamar yadda: shigar da DC polarity baya kariya, AC fitarwa short kewaye kariya, overheating, obalodi kariya, da dai sauransu.
(3) Ana buƙatar ƙarfin shigarwar don samun mafi girman kewayon daidaitawa.
Domin ma'aunin wutar lantarki na tantanin rana ya bambanta da nauyi da ƙarfin hasken rana.Musamman lokacin da baturi ya tsufa, ƙarfin ƙarfinsa na ƙarshe ya bambanta sosai.Misali, ga baturi 12V, wutar lantarki ta ƙarshe na iya bambanta tsakanin 10V da 16V, wanda ke buƙatar inverter yayi aiki akai-akai a cikin babban kewayon shigarwar DC.
Rarraba inverter na Photovoltaic:
Akwai hanyoyi da yawa don rarraba inverters.Misali, bisa ga adadin matakan fitarwar wutar lantarki ta AC ta inverter, ana iya raba shi zuwa inverters mai lokaci-lokaci da kuma inverters mai mataki uku;Rarraba zuwa transistor inverters, thyristor inverters da kashe thyristor inverters.Dangane da ka'idar da'irar inverter, Hakanan za'a iya raba shi zuwa inverter oscillation mai jin daɗin kai, inverter superposition inverter da pulse wide modulation inverter.Dangane da aikace-aikacen da ke cikin tsarin haɗin grid ko tsarin kashe-grid, ana iya raba shi zuwa inverter mai haɗin grid da inverter na kashe-grid.Domin sauƙaƙe masu amfani da optoelectronic don zaɓar inverter, a nan kawai masu inverters ana rarraba su bisa ga lokuta daban-daban.
1. Matsakaicin inverter
Fasahar inverter ta tsakiya ita ce ana haɗa igiyoyin hoto masu kama da juna zuwa shigar da DC na inverter iri ɗaya.Gabaɗaya, ana amfani da na'urori masu ƙarfi na IGBT masu ƙarfi guda uku don babban iko, kuma ana amfani da transistor tasirin filin don ƙarancin ƙarfi.DSP yana jujjuya mai sarrafawa don inganta ingancin ƙarfin da aka samar, yana sa shi kusa da sine wave current, yawanci ana amfani dashi a cikin tsarin don manyan shuke-shuken wutar lantarki (> 10kW).Babban fasalin shine ikon tsarin yana da girma kuma farashin yana da ƙasa, amma saboda ƙarfin fitarwa da na yau da kullun na igiyoyin PV daban-daban sau da yawa ba su dace da su gaba ɗaya ba (musamman lokacin da igiyoyin PV an katange wani yanki saboda girgije, inuwa, tabo. , da sauransu), an karɓi inverter na tsakiya.Canjin hanyar zai haifar da raguwar ingantaccen tsarin inverter da raguwar kuzarin masu amfani da wutar lantarki.A lokaci guda, amincin samar da wutar lantarki na duk tsarin hoto yana shafar yanayin aiki mara kyau na rukunin rukunin hoto.Sabon jagorar bincike shine amfani da ikon sarrafa motsin sararin samaniya da haɓaka sabon haɗin kai na inverters don samun babban inganci a ƙarƙashin yanayin ɗaukar nauyi.
2. Zauren inverter
Inverter na kirtani ya dogara ne akan ra'ayi na zamani.Kowane kirtani na PV (1-5kw) yana wucewa ta hanyar inverter, yana da matsakaicin iyakar ikon bin diddigin iko a gefen DC, kuma an haɗa shi a layi daya a gefen AC.Mafi mashahuri inverter a kasuwa.
Yawancin manyan shuke-shuken wutar lantarki na photovoltaic suna amfani da inverters.Amfanin shi ne cewa ba a shafa shi ta hanyar bambance-bambancen module da shading tsakanin igiyoyi, kuma a lokaci guda yana rage rashin daidaituwa tsakanin madaidaicin aiki na kayan aikin hoto da kuma inverter, don haka yana ƙara ƙarfin wutar lantarki.Wadannan fa'idodin fasaha ba kawai rage farashin tsarin ba, har ma suna haɓaka amincin tsarin.A lokaci guda kuma, an gabatar da manufar "bayi-bawa" a tsakanin igiyoyi, don haka tsarin zai iya haɗa ƙungiyoyi da yawa na igiyoyi na photovoltaic tare kuma bari ɗaya ko da yawa daga cikinsu suyi aiki a ƙarƙashin yanayin da igiyar makamashi ɗaya ba zai iya yin ba. guda inverter aiki., ta yadda za a samar da karin wutar lantarki.
Sabuwar ra'ayi shine cewa masu juyawa da yawa suna samar da "ƙungiyar" tare da juna maimakon manufar "bawa-bawa", wanda ya sa tsarin amincin tsarin ya zama mataki na gaba.A halin yanzu, masu juyawa mara igiyar wuta sun mamaye.
3. Micro inverter
A cikin tsarin PV na al'ada, an haɗa ƙarshen shigarwar DC na kowane mai jujjuya kirtani a jeri ta kusan ɓangarorin hoto 10.Lokacin da aka haɗa bangarori 10 a jere, idan mutum bai yi aiki da kyau ba, wannan kirtani zai shafi.Idan ana amfani da MPPT iri ɗaya don abubuwa masu yawa na inverter, duk abubuwan da aka shigar kuma za su yi tasiri, suna rage ƙarfin samar da wutar lantarki sosai.A aikace aikace-aikace, daban-daban occlusion dalilai kamar girgije, bishiyoyi, bututun hayaki, dabbobi, kura, kankara da dusar ƙanƙara zai haifar da abubuwan da ke sama, kuma yanayin ya zama ruwan dare gama gari.A cikin tsarin PV na micro-inverter, kowane panel yana haɗa zuwa micro-inverter.Lokacin da ɗaya daga cikin bangarorin ya gaza yin aiki da kyau, wannan rukunin ne kawai zai shafa.Duk sauran bangarori na PV za su yi aiki da kyau, suna sa tsarin gabaɗaya ya fi dacewa da samar da ƙarin ƙarfi.A aikace aikace, idan mai inverter na kirtani ya kasa, zai sa kilowatts na hasken rana da yawa su kasa aiki, yayin da tasirin gazawar micro-inverter kadan ne.
4. Power Optimizer
Shigar da na'urar inganta wutar lantarki a cikin tsarin samar da wutar lantarki na hasken rana zai iya inganta ingantaccen juzu'i, da sauƙaƙa ayyukan inverter don rage farashi.Domin gane tsarin samar da wutar lantarki mai kaifin rana, na'urar inganta wutar lantarki na iya sa kowane tantanin rana ya yi mafi kyawun aikinsa da kuma lura da yanayin amfani da baturi a kowane lokaci.Na'urar inganta wutar lantarki na'ura ce tsakanin tsarin samar da wutar lantarki da inverter, kuma babban aikinta shi ne maye gurbin ainihin aikin gano wutar lantarki na asali na inverter.Na'urar inganta wutar lantarki yana aiwatar da mafi kyawun yanayin gano wutar lantarki da sauri ta hanyar kwatanci ta hanyar sauƙaƙe kewayawa kuma ɗayan tantanin rana ɗaya yayi daidai da na'urar inganta wutar lantarki, ta yadda kowace tantanin rana za ta iya cimma kyakkyawan sakamako mai kyau, Bugu da ƙari, matsayin baturi zai iya zama. ana sa ido a kowane lokaci da ko'ina ta hanyar shigar da guntun sadarwa, kuma za a iya sanar da matsalar nan da nan ta yadda ma'aikatan da abin ya shafa za su iya gyara ta da wuri.
Ayyukan inverter na photovoltaic
Mai jujjuyawar ba wai kawai yana da aikin canza DC-AC ba, har ma yana da aikin haɓaka aikin tantanin halitta da aikin kariyar kuskuren tsarin.Don taƙaitawa, akwai aiki ta atomatik da ayyukan kashewa, matsakaicin aikin sarrafa ikon sa ido, aikin anti-mai zaman kansa (don tsarin haɗin grid), aikin daidaita wutar lantarki ta atomatik (na tsarin haɗin grid), aikin gano DC (don grid- tsarin da aka haɗa), Ayyukan gano ƙasa na DC (don tsarin haɗin grid).Anan akwai taƙaitacciyar gabatarwa ga aiki ta atomatik da ayyukan kashewa da matsakaicin aikin sarrafa wutar lantarki.
(1) Aiki ta atomatik da aikin dakatarwa
Bayan fitowar rana da safe, ƙarfin hasken rana yana ƙaruwa a hankali, kuma fitowar tantanin hasken rana yana ƙaruwa.Lokacin da ƙarfin fitarwa da ake buƙata ta inverter ya isa, inverter yana farawa ta atomatik.Bayan shigar da aiki, inverter zai sa ido kan yadda za a fitar da tsarin hasken rana a kowane lokaci.Matukar ƙarfin fitarwa na tsarin hasken rana ya fi ƙarfin fitarwa da ake buƙata don inverter yayi aiki, inverter zai ci gaba da aiki;zai tsaya a faɗuwar rana, ko da girgije ne da ruwa.Mai inverter kuma yana iya aiki.Lokacin da fitarwa na tsarin hasken rana ya zama ƙarami kuma fitarwar inverter yana kusa da 0, mai inverter zai samar da yanayin jiran aiki.
(2) Matsakaicin aikin sarrafa wutar lantarki
Fitowar tsarin sinadari na sinadari na hasken rana ya bambanta da tsananin zafin hasken rana da kuma yanayin zafin na'urar tantanin rana da kanta (zazzabi guntu).Bugu da ƙari, tun da tsarin hasken rana yana da halayyar cewa ƙarfin lantarki yana raguwa tare da karuwa na halin yanzu, akwai mafi kyawun wurin aiki inda za'a iya samun iyakar ƙarfin.Ƙarfin hasken rana yana canzawa, kuma a bayyane yake mafi kyawun wurin aiki shima yana canzawa.Dangane da waɗannan sauye-sauye, wurin aiki na tsarin hasken rana yana koyaushe a matsakaicin ƙarfin wutar lantarki, kuma tsarin koyaushe yana samun mafi girman fitarwa daga tsarin hasken rana.Wannan iko shine matsakaicin ikon bin diddigin wutar lantarki.Babban fasalin inverters don tsarin hasken rana shine cewa sun haɗa da aikin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin ikon (MPPT).
Lokacin aikawa: Oktoba-26-2022
