Tsarin Photovoltaic gabaɗaya an raba su zuwa tsarin masu zaman kansu, tsarin haɗin grid da tsarin matasan.Dangane da nau'in aikace-aikacen, ma'aunin aikace-aikacen da nau'in nau'in nau'in nauyin tsarin hasken rana, ana iya raba shi zuwa nau'i shida.
tsarin gabatarwa
Dangane da nau'in aikace-aikacen, ma'auni na aikace-aikacen da nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'i na tsarin hasken rana, ya kamata a raba tsarin samar da wutar lantarki na photovoltaic zuwa ƙarin daki-daki.Hakanan za'a iya rarraba tsarin photovoltaic zuwa nau'i shida masu zuwa: ƙananan tsarin samar da wutar lantarki (Ƙananan DC);Tsarin DC mai sauƙi (Simple DC);babban tsarin samar da wutar lantarki (Large DC);AC da tsarin samar da wutar lantarki (AC/DC);Tsarin da aka haɗa Grid (Haɗin Grid mai amfani);tsarin samar da wutar lantarki (Hybrid);grid-connected hybrid tsarin.An kwatanta ka'idodin aiki da halaye na kowane tsarin a ƙasa.
tsarin samar da wutar lantarki
Halayen ƙananan tsarin samar da wutar lantarki na hasken rana shine cewa akwai nauyin DC kawai a cikin tsarin kuma nauyin nauyin yana da ƙananan ƙananan, dukan tsarin yana da tsari mai sauƙi kuma yana da sauƙin aiki.Babban amfaninsa shine tsarin gida na gaba ɗaya, samfuran farar hula na DC daban-daban da kayan nishaɗi masu alaƙa.Misali, a yankin yammacin kasarta, an yi amfani da irin wannan nau'in na'urar daukar hoto, kuma lodin shi ne fitilar DC, wanda ake amfani da shi don magance matsalar hasken gida a wuraren da babu wutar lantarki.
Tsarin DC
Siffar wannan tsarin ita ce nauyin da ke cikin tsarin shine nauyin DC kuma babu wani buƙatu na musamman don amfani da lokaci na kaya.Ana amfani da nauyin da yawa a rana, don haka ba a yi amfani da baturi a cikin tsarin, kuma ba a buƙatar mai sarrafawa.Tsarin yana da tsari mai sauƙi kuma ana iya amfani dashi kai tsaye.Model na photovoltaic yana ba da wutar lantarki zuwa kaya, yana kawar da tsarin ajiya da saki na makamashi a cikin baturi, da kuma asarar makamashi a cikin mai sarrafawa, da inganta ingantaccen amfani da makamashi.Ana amfani da shi a cikin tsarin famfo ruwa na PV, wasu ƙarfin kayan aiki na wucin gadi yayin rana da wasu wuraren yawon shakatawa.Hoto 1 yana nuna tsarin famfo mai sauƙi na DC PV.An yi amfani da wannan tsarin sosai a kasashe masu tasowa inda babu ruwan famfo mai tsafta da ake sha, kuma ya samar da fa'ida mai kyau ga al'umma.
Babban tsarin wutar lantarki na hasken rana
Idan aka kwatanta da na'urorin hoto guda biyu na sama, babban tsarin hasken rana mai amfani da hasken rana har yanzu yana dacewa da tsarin wutar lantarki na DC, amma irin wannan tsarin hasken rana yana da babban iko.Domin tabbatar da ingantaccen wutar lantarki ga kaya, daidai da ma'auni na tsarin kuma yana da girma, kuma yana buƙatar a sanye shi da manyan nau'o'in hotuna na hoto da kuma babban baturi.Siffofin aikace-aikacen sa na yau da kullun sun haɗa da sadarwa, telemetry, samar da wutar lantarki na kayan aiki, samar da wutar lantarki ta tsakiya a yankunan karkara, fitilun fitila, fitilun titi, da sauransu. Ana amfani da wannan fom a wasu tashoshin wutar lantarki na karkara da aka gina a wasu yankuna ba tare da wutar lantarki a yammacin nawa ba. kasar, da tashoshin sadarwa da China Mobile da China Unicom suka gina a wurare masu nisa ba tare da na'urorin wutar lantarki suma suna amfani da wannan tsarin samar da wutar lantarki.Kamar aikin tashar sadarwa a Wanjiazhai, Shanxi.
AC da tsarin samar da wutar lantarki na DC
Daban-daban da tsarin hasken rana guda uku na sama, wannan tsarin photovoltaic na iya samar da wutar lantarki ga duka DC da AC lodi a lokaci guda, kuma yana da ƙarin inverters fiye da tsarin uku na sama dangane da tsarin tsarin, wanda ake amfani dashi don canza wutar lantarki zuwa AC. iko don biyan buƙatun buƙatun nauyin AC.Yawancin lokaci, nauyin wutar lantarki na irin wannan tsarin yana da girma sosai, don haka ma'auni na tsarin yana da girma.Ana amfani da shi a wasu tashoshin tushe na sadarwa tare da nau'ikan AC da DC duka da sauran nau'ikan wutar lantarki na hoto tare da nauyin AC da DC.
Tsarin haɗin grid
Babban fasalin wannan tsarin hasken rana na hasken rana shi ne cewa kai tsaye da aka samar ta hanyar hoto na hoto yana canza shi zuwa madaidaicin halin yanzu wanda ya dace da buƙatun grid ta hanyar inverter mai haɗin grid sannan kuma an haɗa kai tsaye zuwa cibiyar sadarwa.A waje da lodi, da wuce haddi ikon da aka mayar da su ga grid.A cikin ranakun ruwan sama ko da dare, lokacin da tsararrun hoto ba ta samar da wutar lantarki ko kuma wutar lantarki da aka samar ba ta iya biyan buƙatun kaya, ana yin ta ta hanyar grid.Domin ana shigar da wutar lantarki kai tsaye a cikin grid ɗin wutar lantarki, ba a daina saita baturin, kuma tsarin adanawa da sakewa baturin ya tsira.Koyaya, ana buƙatar inverter mai haɗin grid mai sadaukarwa a cikin tsarin don tabbatar da cewa ƙarfin fitarwa ya cika buƙatun wutar lantarki don ƙarfin lantarki, mita da sauran alamomi.Saboda matsalar ingancin inverter, har yanzu za a sami asarar makamashi.Irin waɗannan tsarin galibi suna iya amfani da wutar lantarki da ɗimbin nau'ikan PV na hasken rana a layi daya azaman tushen wutar lantarki don lodin AC na gida.An rage yawan ƙarancin wutar lantarki na tsarin gaba ɗaya.Haka kuma, tsarin PV mai haɗin grid na iya taka rawa a ƙa'ida mafi girma don grid ɗin wutar lantarki na jama'a.Dangane da sifofin tsarin da ke da alaƙa da grid, Soying Electric ya sami nasarar ƙera inverter mai haɗin grid mai amfani da hasken rana shekaru da yawa da suka gabata, wanda aka kera ta musamman don sake sarrafa wutar lantarki tare da riba da asara iri-iri.An sami babban ci gaba, kuma an shawo kan jerin matsalolin fasaha a kan tsarin haɗin gwiwar grid.
Mixed tsarin samar da kayayyaki
Bugu da ƙari ga tsararrun ƙirar ƙirar hasken rana da aka yi amfani da ita a cikin wannan tsarin photovoltaic na hasken rana, ana kuma amfani da janareta na mai azaman tushen wutar lantarki.Manufar yin amfani da tsarin samar da wutar lantarki mai haɗaɗɗiyar shine don yin amfani da fa'idodin fasahohin samar da wutar lantarki gaba ɗaya tare da guje wa gazawarsu.Alal misali, abubuwan da aka ambata a sama masu zaman kansu na tsarin photovoltaic masu zaman kansu ba su da kulawa, kuma rashin amfani shine cewa samar da makamashi ya dogara da yanayi da rashin kwanciyar hankali.
Tsarin samar da wutar lantarki na matasan da ke amfani da haɗin gwiwar masu samar da dizal da kayan aikin hoto zai iya samar da makamashi mai zaman kansa idan aka kwatanta da tsarin tsayawar makamashi guda ɗaya.
Tsarin samar da gauraye mai haɗin grid
Tare da haɓaka masana'antar optoelectronics na hasken rana, tsarin samar da wutar lantarki mai haɗaɗɗiyar grid wanda zai iya yin amfani da tsarin ƙirar hasken rana gabaɗaya, ikon amfani da na'urorin samar da mai sun fito.Irin wannan tsarin yawanci yana haɗa na'ura mai sarrafawa da inverter, ta yin amfani da guntu na kwamfuta don sarrafa aikin gabaɗayan tsarin, gabaɗaya ta amfani da hanyoyin makamashi daban-daban don cimma kyakkyawan yanayin aiki, kuma yana iya amfani da batura don ƙara haɓaka ƙarfin lodin tsarin. Adadin garantin wadata, kamar tsarin inverter SMD na AES.Tsarin zai iya samar da ingantacciyar wutar lantarki don lodi na gida kuma yana iya aiki azaman UPS na kan layi (Samar da wutar lantarki mara katsewa).Hakanan ana iya ba da wutar lantarki zuwa ko samu daga grid.Yanayin aiki na tsarin yawanci yana aiki a layi daya tare da ikon kasuwanci da hasken rana.Don nauyin gida, idan wutar lantarki da aka samar da samfurori na hoto ya isa don amfani da kaya, za ta yi amfani da wutar lantarki da aka yi amfani da shi kai tsaye don samar da bukatun kaya.Idan ikon da aka samar ta hanyar ƙirar hoto ya zarce buƙatar ɗaukar nauyin nan da nan, za a iya mayar da ƙarfin da ya wuce zuwa grid;idan wutar lantarki da aka samar da samfurori na photovoltaic bai isa ba, za a kunna wutar lantarki ta atomatik, kuma za a yi amfani da wutar lantarki don samar da buƙatun kayan gida.Lokacin amfani da wutar lantarki na kaya ya kasance ƙasa da 60% na ƙimar babban ƙarfin mai juyawa SMD, na'urar za ta yi cajin baturin ta atomatik don tabbatar da cewa baturin yana cikin yanayin iyo na dogon lokaci;idan na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa ta kasa, wato na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa ko kuma na'urar idan ingancin bai kai daidai ba, tsarin zai cire haɗin wutar lantarki kai tsaye ya canza zuwa yanayin aiki mai zaman kansa, sannan za'a samar da wutar AC da ake buƙata ta lodi. ta baturi da inverter.Da zarar na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa ta dawo daidai, wato, wutar lantarki da mitar za su dawo zuwa yanayin da aka ambata a sama, tsarin zai cire haɗin baturin, ya canza zuwa yanayin haɗin grid, sannan ya ba da wuta daga na'urar.A wasu tsarin samar da wutar lantarki mai haɗin grid, tsarin sa ido, sarrafawa da ayyukan sayan bayanai kuma ana iya haɗa su cikin guntun sarrafawa.Babban abubuwan da ke cikin irin wannan tsarin shine mai sarrafawa da inverter.
Kashe-Grid Tsarin Hotovoltaic
Tsarin samar da wutar lantarki na kashe-grid shine sabon nau'in tushen wutar lantarki wanda ke samar da wutar lantarki daga kayan aikin hoto, yana sarrafa caji da fitar da baturi ta hanyar mai sarrafawa, kuma yana ba da wutar lantarki zuwa nauyin DC ko zuwa nauyin AC ta hanyar inverter. .Ana amfani da shi sosai a cikin tuddai, tsibirai, wuraren tsaunuka masu nisa da ayyukan filin tare da yanayi mai tsauri.Hakanan za'a iya amfani dashi azaman samar da wutar lantarki ga tashoshin sadarwa, akwatunan hasken talla, fitilun titi, da dai sauransu. Tsarin samar da wutar lantarki na Photovoltaic yana amfani da makamashin da ba zai ƙarewa ba, wanda zai iya magance rikice-rikicen buƙatu yadda ya kamata a wuraren da ƙarancin wutar lantarki da kuma magance matsalolin rayuwa da sadarwa a wurare masu nisa.Inganta yanayin muhallin duniya da haɓaka ci gaban ɗan adam mai dorewa.
Ayyukan tsarin
Ƙungiyoyin Photovoltaic abubuwa ne masu samar da wutar lantarki.Mai sarrafa hoto yana daidaitawa da sarrafa makamashin lantarki da aka samar.A gefe guda, ana aika makamashin da aka daidaita zuwa nauyin DC ko kuma nauyin AC, kuma a daya bangaren, ana aika da wuce gona da iri zuwa fakitin baturi don ajiya.Lokacin da aka samar da wutar lantarki ba zai iya biyan buƙatun lodi Lokacin da mai sarrafawa ya aika da ƙarfin baturin zuwa kaya.Bayan da baturi ya cika, mai sarrafawa ya kamata ya sarrafa baturin don kada a yi caji.Lokacin da wutar lantarki da aka adana a cikin baturi ya ƙare, mai sarrafawa ya kamata ya sarrafa baturin don kada ya yi yawa don kare baturin.Lokacin da aikin mai sarrafawa ba shi da kyau, zai yi tasiri sosai ga rayuwar batir kuma a ƙarshe yana rinjayar amincin tsarin.Aikin baturi shi ne adana makamashi ta yadda za a iya yin amfani da lodi da daddare ko a cikin ranakun damina.Inverter ne ke da alhakin juyar da wutar DC zuwa wutar AC don amfani da lodin AC.
Lokacin aikawa: Afrilu-01-2022
